MULTICELL · Division of labour and the origin of multicellularity
Horizon 2020 — Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
- Duration
- 2015-07-01 → 2019-08-30
- EU contribution
- €171,461
- Participants
- 1
- Scheme
- MSCA-IF-EF-RI
Lines connect the coordinator with its partners.
Results in brief
Division of labour and the origin of multicellularity
Understanding the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation/ complexity is one of the greatest challenges in biology. The oldest transition, that of cyanobacteria, has happened more than 3 to 3.5 billion years ago. Of particular interest is to determine the evolutionary processes and mechanisms underlying the evolutionary transition from single cells to multicellular organisms. This project uses cyanobacteria as a model system to determine whether division of labour may drive the transition to multicellularity by eliminating the trade-off between two incompatible processes that cannot be performed simultaneously in one cell. To this end, the overall objectives were to follow the evolution of multicellularity in real time using unicellular cyanobacteria exposed to different selection pressures, and to reconstruct the order of events that might have happened during the transition to multicellularity in the earliest epochs of life’s history. Results from this work provide insights into the origin of multicellularity and the division of labour but also into the maintenance of multicellularity despite the threat of selfish, cancerous cell types.
Data: CORDIS, © European Union
Project objective
Understanding the evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation/ complexity is one of the greatest challenges in biology. Of particular interest is to determine the evolutionary processes (selective causes) and mechanisms underlying the evolutionary transition from single cells to multicellular organisms.This project will use cyanobacteria as a model system to determine whether cellular differentiation is a cause or consequence of multicellularity. A novel theory will be tested, which predicts that the division of labour/ differentiation among cells drives the transition to a multicellular state. This will be contrasted with the classical view, where cellular specialization originates only at a much later state during the transition. The proposed project will adopt an interdisciplinary approach by combining experimental evolution (WP1) with phylogenomics (WP2). More specifically, populations of unicellular cyanobacteria will be subjected to long-term experimental evolution under two different regimes that favour either the specialization of cells into performing different physiologically incompatible processes, or the formation of non-differentiated aggregates (WP1). By linking the phenotype to the underlying genotype and to gene expression patterns, the critical steps for the transition to multicellularity will be established at the genome level. This evolutionary sequence will be directly compared to the one inferred from the cyanobacterial phylogeny (WP2). Here, whole genomes will be used to reconstruct the gain and loss events for the main ‘multicellular traits’, such as filament formation and cellular differentiation.The findings will not only provide insight into the key events during the transition to multicellularity but will also be the first study that directly relates a transition that was achieved under artificial conditions in the laboratory to one that actually happened more than 3 billion years ago in this phylum.
Original text from CORDIS.
Participants
- CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITAET ZU KIEL · KielCoordinatorGermany
Links
- View on CORDIS
- DOI: 10.3030/657096
- https://www.mikrobio.uni-kiel.de/de/ag-dagan/mitarbeiterinnen/dr.-katrin-hammerschmidt
Data: CORDIS, © European Union