IPPAD — Effect of 4500bar injection pressure and super-critical phase change of surrogate and real-world fuels enriched with additives and powering Diesel engines on soot emissions reduction

Results in brief

Effect of 4500bar injection pressure and super-critical phase change of surrogate and real-world fuels enriched with additives and powering Diesel engines on soot emissions reduction

The IPPAD ITN network has developed novel state-of-the-art computational model for Diesel fuel properties at elevated pressures and temperature, fuel injection at supercritical conditions and soot formation in Diesel engines, validated against new and unique experimental data. These models have included aspects of real-fluid thermodynamics, advanced numerical methods and combustion sciences, which have been linked to methodologies for industrial-scale problems. The work has been completed according to the Grant Agreement, fully respecting the overall project aim. The scientific outcomes of IPPAD have been published in numerous peer-reviewed and highly esteemed journal papers and conference proceedings. In addition to the conducted research, the IPPAD network has trained the ESRs on a range of unique scientific modules, that have broadened their perspectives in both research and classical engineering skills. Equally important, ESRs have been trained on a range of transferable skills. Last but not least, the ESRs have been engaged in numerous outreach activities, disseminating their work to relevant non-specialised communities that made the EU funding and the impact of the performed research visible to the general public.

Data: CORDIS, © European Union

Project objective

Reduction of soot emissions from Diesel engines will be explored by utilising simultaneously (a) injection pressure between 2000-4500bar, (b) engine operation at supercritical conditions relative to the injected fuel’s critical point and (c) additives that improve atomisation and reduce pollutant formation. The detailed processes of nozzle flow cavitation/boiling, atomisation, phase-change and mixing, combustion and soot emissions under such conditions will be explored both experimentally and computationally. Experimental techniques include fuel property measurements, optical/laser diagnostics, high speed imaging, micro CT and high energy X-rays. Tests will be performed in CVC, optical engines, single-cylinder and production engine test beds. Identification of nozzle’s internal geometry and testing of clean and aged injectors with internal deposits build-up is central to the programme. Simulation tools to be developed include molecular-structure-based equation of state for the properties of surrogate, ‘summer’ Diesel and low quality Diesel fuels enriched with additives at elevated pressures/temperatures, DNS for bubble dynamics, cavitation and fuel atomisation, and soot oxidation in LES/RANS models coupling the in-nozzle flow with the macroscopic fuel spray development, mixing and pollutant formation in engines. The validated simulation models will be used as design tools to industrial development of fuels, fuel injection systems and Diesel engines. The 15 EU-funded ESRs plus 1 ESR funded independently by industry, will be recruited/seconded by universities, research centres and multinational engine, fuel injection system, fuel and fuel additives manufacturers from the EU, US, China, Japan and S.Korea. The new tests and the developed simulation tools, currently missing from the literature, will allow for an environmental assessment of the tested technologies at ‘real-world’ operating conditions, underpinning the forthcoming 2020 EU emission reduction directives.

Original text from CORDIS.

Participants

CITY ST GEORGES UNIVERSITY OF LONDON · LONDONCoordinatorUnited Kingdom
AFTON CHEMICAL LIMITED · LONDON BERKSHIREUnited Kingdom
AVL LIST GMBH · GrazAustria
Arizona University · TucsonUnited States
BP INTERNATIONAL LIMITED · Sunbury On ThamesUnited Kingdom
CENTRO DE PENSAMIENTO ESTRATEGICO INTERNACIONAL CEPEI · BogotaColombia
Caterpilar Fuel systems · PontiacUnited States
FRIEDRICH-ALEXANDER-UNIVERSITAET ERLANGEN-NUERNBERG · ErlangenGermany
IFP Energies nouvelles · Rueil MalmaisonFrance
Kora Advanced Institute of Technology · DaejeonSouth Korea
LUNDS UNIVERSITET · LundSweden
OMV DOWNSTREAM GMBH · WIENAustria
PERKINS ENGINES COMPANY LTD · PeterboroughUnited Kingdom
Renault Cars · Boulogne-BillancourtFrance
Sandia Corporation · AlbuquerqueUnited States
TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAET MUENCHEN · MuenchenGermany
Tokyo Densu University · TokyoJapan
UCHICAGO ARGONNE LLC · Chicago IlUnited States
Virginia Commonweath University · RichmondUnited States
Volvo Cars Corporation · GöteborgSweden

IPPAD · Effect of 4500bar injection pressure and super-critical phase change of surrogate and real-world fuels enriched with additives and powering Diesel engines on soot emissions reduction

Results in brief

Effect of 4500bar injection pressure and super-critical phase change of surrogate and real-world fuels enriched with additives and powering Diesel engines on soot emissions reduction

Project objective

Participants

Links