SHERPA · Self-healing screen-printed perovskite photovoltaics beyond Shockley–Queisser Limit

Self-healing screen-printed perovskite photovoltaics beyond Shockley–Queisser Limit

Context and overall objectives Solar energy is central to Europe’s transition towards a clean and independent energy system. Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies due to their low cost and high efficiency. However, two main barriers prevent their widespread use: instability under real operating conditions and the risk of toxic lead leakage, which is restricted under the EU’s RoHS directive. The SHERPA project addressed these challenges by developing a new class of micro-concentrator perovskite devices. This architecture requires 90–99% less material than conventional designs, reduces the environmental footprint, and improves stability by embedding each cell into a micro-patterned structure. In parallel, it creates the possibility to surpass the Shockley–Queisser efficiency limit, thereby maximising the potential of perovskite photovoltaics for Europe’s energy future. Work performed and main results Over its 33-month duration, SHERPA combined advanced fabrication, characterisation and simulation: New device architectures were fabricated using laser micro-patterning, enabling highly transparent and semi-transparent cells suitable for building integration. Detailed electrical and optical testing confirmed stable performance under concentrated sunlight, with efficiency increases beyond those of conventional perovskite devices. Long-term stability measurements showed slower degradation rates, while lead release remained at or below detection limits, ensuring compliance with European safety standards. Predictive models were developed to link geometry with thermal and optical behaviour, providing design rules for future applications. The project trained the researcher in advanced laboratory skills (XRD, SEM, ultrafast laser processing, spectroscopy) and fostered knowledge transfer through collaborations with the University of Genoa, University of Rome Tor Vergata, CNR Rome, and international partners. Progress beyond the state of the art SHERPA introduced, for the first time, the concept of micro-concentration into perovskite photovoltaics. Unlike conventional planar devices, this design combines high optical gain with material savings and environmental safety. The approach moves the field beyond incremental efficiency improvements and opens a new research direction towards transparent, safe, and high-efficiency solar modules. Impact for Europe and society The results of SHERPA contribute directly to EU policy objectives: Supporting the European Green Deal by enabling scalable, cost-effective renewable energy. Ensuring compliance with environmental legislation (RoHS) through reduced and safer lead content. Advancing Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) by demonstrating transparent and lightweight modules. Contributing to the MSCA mission of training skilled, independent researchers, able to transfer knowledge across borders and inspire future generations. The project’s visibility was amplified through presentations at leading conferences (HOPV, EU PVSEC, PVSPACE), a feature in PV Magazine, and outreach via the EU’s ShareMyStory initiative. By combining technical advances with communication to both scientific and public audiences, SHERPA demonstrated how EU research investment translates into innovation, sustainability, and societal benefit.

Data: CORDIS, © European Union