H2020Индивидуална стипендия2016–2018

GETAGRIP · Evolutionary Trends And GRasping form and function In Primates and other tetrapod lineages

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2016-01-18 → 2018-01-17
Финансиране от ЕС: 173 076 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-RI

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Произходът и еволюцията на хващането с предните крайници се проучват при примати, жаби и гущери. Това помага да се разбере дали способността за манипулиране на предмети се е развила заради движението по клони или заради улавянето на плячка.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Evolutionary Trends And GRasping form and function In Primates and other tetrapod lineages

Hand grasping is a behaviour that has been suggested to play a key role in the evolutionary success of tetrapods (frogs, lizards and mammals) because of its implication in vital behaviours such as feeding, mating, moving or social exchanges. However, even if the ability to grab food, to hold it with hand, and to manipulate it with fingers has been observed in a variety of species including frogs and lizards, it is thought to be essentially a primate trait. Moreover, fine prehensile abilities are thought to be uniquely associated with the evolution of human hands and with tool-making and tool-use in the earliest humans. However, given the single evolutionary origin of primates and the unique anatomical features they possess, quantitative tests of evolutionary scenarios pertaining to the origin of grasping behavior remain difficult. This is why this project aimed to explore the origin of this complex behavior among tetrapods more generally. Two main hypotheses have been suggested to explain the origin of manual grasping: 1) grasping may be derived from arboreal locomotion on thin branches. As the importance of the forelimb in body weight support is largely diminished in arboreal animals, the forelimbs are functionally decoupled and can become specialized for novel behaviours. 2) grasping may have originated in the context of the capture of mobile prey which initiates forelimb grasping movements. Both hypotheses are not mutually exclusive and could confer the selective environment driving the evolution of grasping ability and fine manipulation skills. This project aimed to understand the origin and evolution of manual grasping in tetrapods by studying the morphology of the forelimb in relation to its function and manual grasping behaviour. We tested these two-main hypotheses in three groups of tetrapods showing grasping abilities by studying the morphology, behavior and locomotion in species that are either arboreal or terrestrial and species with different manual grasping abilities. Our results show significant diversity in forelimb morphology related to and arboreal lifestyle in all clades examined. Moreover, behavioral trial suggests that moving objects elicited more manual grasping compared to stationary objects. Overall our results support both the 'arboreal origins' and 'predation' hypotheses and suggest that manual grasping may have originated in different ecological and functional contexts.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Human beings have been credited with unparalleled capabilities for digital prehension grasping. However, given the single evolutionary origin of humans and the unique anatomical features they possess, quantitative tests of evolutionary scenarios remain difficult. Moreover, functional inferences based on fragmentary fossil material are often problematic. However, grasping behavior is widespread among tetrapods, thus providing an excellent context for testing hypotheses concerning the origin of manipulation and grasping. The propensity to grasp, and the anatomical characteristics that underlie it, appear in all of the major groups of tetrapods. Although some features are common to all tetrapods, other features, such as opposable digits and tendon morphology, appear to have evolved independently in many lineages. Although recent papers have reviewed the state of the art on grasping, a holistic study including the whole forelimb and its behavioral context in locomotion and manipulation is currently lacking. The goal of the present project is to provide an integrative approach that examines the occurrence of grasping behavior, the anatomy and function of the forelimb, and the evolution of grasping across the three major tetrapod clades that show manual grasping abilities: mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Within each clade I will compare and contrast the use of the forelimb, its anatomy, and its function in both arboreal and terrestrial animals to test the hypothesis of an arboreal origin of grasping and manipulation capacity. I will study the use of the hand and the forelimb in the context of locomotion and object/food manipulation to understand the relations between anatomy, function and ecology. To do so, I will use state-of-the-art approaches to quantify the anatomy (µCT scanning, 3D geometric morphometrics), the function (pressure and force measurements, 3D kinematics and biomechanical models), and the evolution of these traits in an explicit phylogenetic context.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

MUSEUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE · ParisКоординаторФранция