H2020Индивидуална стипендия2015–2019

MICROCHANGE · Emergence of pathogenicity in the sea: altered host-microbe interactions in the face of environmental change

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2015-08-01 → 2019-07-25
Финансиране от ЕС: 159 461 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-RI

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Връзката между околната среда и развитието на болести при морските организми се анализира чрез примери като бактериите от род Vibrio. Разбирането на тези процеси помага да се разбере как замърсяването и климатичните промени влияят върху здравето на екосистемите и хората.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Emergence of pathogenicity in the sea: altered host-microbe interactions in the face of environmental change

Diseases are omnipresent in aquatic ecosystems but there are numerous signs that some parts of our oceans/freshwater systems are more affected. The number of disease outbreaks in marine organisms is increasing in several key groups of marine animals, which include marine mammals and corals, but other less well-studied organisms may be equally affected. Also unprecedented mass mortality and rapid disappearance of once-common species imply an unbalanced system or an introduced pathogen, or both. As causes for the outbreak of marine diseases strong environmental drivers are key, such as eutrophication (sewage and agricultural runoff) or rising global temperatures (climate change) but also pollution, invasion of new/exotic species, and destruction of coastal habitats can serve as stresses that interact in complex ways with the microbiota and their hosts. Diseases in some marine animals affect humans directly, for example through cultural or economic costs – others more indirectly through the degradation of ecosystem productivity. Animals and plants form a distinct habitat for microbial communities (microbiomes), and these microbial associations are integral to life. Host-associated communities colonize every accessible host tissue, have an impact on host function and contribute to host fitness and health. There is accumulating evidence from studies that show links between diseases and the diversity of an organism’s microbiome. Disturbing the balance between the host and its colonizing microbiota appears to foster diseases. Vibrios are important bacterial pathogens for animals reared in aquaculture but are at the same time symbionts of several vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, such as fish, sea anemones, sponges, molluscs, and zooplankton. The objective of the project was to gain a better understanding of how environmental stress affects the assembly of host-associated microbial communities and how these host-associated communities influence disease emergence.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Marine ecosystems are centrally important to the biology of the planet but they are at risk. The number of disease outbreaks in marine organisms is increasing, most likely caused by climate change and eutrophication. It is also established that these anthropogenic effects alter the interactions between hosts and their microbiome, specifically leading to a breakdown of host-symbiont relationships and to shifts in the diversity of host-associated microbes. It is not clear however, how this is causally connected to the increased emergence of pathogens under environmental stress. This research project will establish this link by directly testing whether pathogens evolve from resident bacteria within the host-associated microbial community or whether shifts in the original microbial community facilitate the invasion by pathogens. This will be studied in a model system consisting of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis as host, and its associated microbes, with a focus on vibrios. After the host-specific Vibrio population structure in the wild has been determined, WP1, experiments will be conducted in the laboratory testing the stability of the host-microbiome relationship under a range of environmental stressors. The role of the microbiome in protecting against the invasion of pathogens will directly be tested, WP2. In WP3, pathogen evolution will be followed in real time. Effects of the microbiome on interactions with (non-)pathogens will be separated from host effects. Particular attention will be given to the changes in the genome of vibrios, which can be connected to an increase in virulence, and to changes in gene-expression of both, hosts and the microbiome.This multidisciplinary approach, combining the strength of microbial ecology, experimental evolution, and genomic studies, will significantly contribute to our understanding of host-microbe interactions, particularly focusing on the selective forces and ecological conditions that promote pathogen emergence.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

CHRISTIAN-ALBRECHTS-UNIVERSITAET ZU KIEL · KielКоординаторГермания