H2020Индивидуална стипендия2015–2017

ARSENICLOSS · Chemical and metallurgical aspects of arsenical bronze: the case of arsenic-loss in prehistoric metal production

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2015-07-06 → 2017-07-05
Финансиране от ЕС: 185 076 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Арсениковите бронзи и загубата на арсен при производството им в праисторическите времена са в центъра на анализа. Това помага да се разбере началото на металургията и защо по-късно калай-бронзите са били предпочитани.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Chemical and metallurgical aspects of arsenical bronze: the case of arsenic-loss in prehistoric metal production

Arsenical bronze is known since the 5th mill. BC and is considered the first alloy ever produced on a voluntary base. In Europe, arsenical bronze was typically used in a particular short transition period from the Chalcolithic to the beginning of the Bronze Age. Arsenical bronzes represent the bridge between the utilization of unalloyed copper and the production of tin-bronzes. The time period and the duration of usage varies according to the geographical regions: while arsenical bronze was typical for Central Europe around 2000 BC, it was already known and widely used on the Iranian Plateau during the 5th mill. BC. While from prehistoric copper base alloys tin bronzes are studied in all details, material characteristics of arsenical bronzes are rarely studied, even though their understanding is of high importance for research on the beginnings of metallurgy and the understanding why tin-bronze was considered to be superior at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This is even more surprising when the number of known and analysed prehistoric arsenical bronzes is taken into account: nearly 35,500 objects from the largest database of chemical analyses of Copper and Bronze Age metal finds (SAM - Studien zu den Anfängen der Metallurgie). Among these, almost a third are arsenical bronze and contain more than 1 wt.% of As; 10% more than 2 wt.% of As. C. 1100 objects were made out of arsenical bronze with 3 wt.% or higher content of arsenic. It is worth to mention that among the objects poorer in arsenic lay those produced with recycled arsenical bronzes, which previously contained higher amounts of arsenic. Overall objectives 1) investigate and contribute to the construction of out-of-equilibrium phase diagrams for arsenic bronzes up to 10 wt.% arsenic; 2) evaluate mechanical properties and characteristics of arsenical bronze such as hardness or colour; 3) quantify and evaluate the loss of arsenic as it occurred during prehistoric manufacturing processes through re-melting, casting and annealing activities.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

The main goal of this project is to investigate out-of-equilibrium Cu-As alloys, i.e. 0-10 wt.% As in the range used in the transition period between Stone and Metal ages. The research protocol is made of several steps: equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium phase diagrams in the above mentioned range, evaluation of mechanical properties of Cu-As alloys in the most common metallurgical states (as-cast, annealed, cold-hardened, recrystallized), and estimation of the loss of As during metallurgical transformations (melting/casting, homogenisation and recrystallisation annealing) according to the number of iterations and of the treatment temperature and dwell time. The fulfilment of these objectives is of high importance for materials science applied to archaeology dealing with development and usage of this very first alloy produced by human kind. The applicant will acquire and share with the scientific community new knowledge in the production, thermomechanical treatment and consequent properties of the misknown arsenical bronzes. She will use her metallurgical experience and archaeological knowledge (both matured in the field of tin-bronzes) applied to production, treatment and analyses of arsenical bronze. The additional knowledge the applicant will obtain within the project is related to the domain of phase diagrams creation and the usage of DTA, DSC and XRPD, under the supervision of experienced researchers from inorganic chemistry and metallurgy. The project as a whole will provide for the first time: 1) out-of-equilibrium phase diagrams for the Cu-As system 2) determination of chemical, physical and mechanical properties of arsenical bronze in the range of 0-10 wt.% arsenic 3) a comprehensive overview on the actual loss of arsenic during metallurgical transformations. The proposed project constitutes an excellent career-springboard for the applicant, being then the sole expert on the usage of arsenical bronze in the field of European archaeometallurgy.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

UNIVERSITE BORDEAUX MONTAIGNE · PESSAC CEDEXКоординаторФранция