H2020Индивидуална стипендия2015–2017

FraxiFam · Reconstructing gene family evolution in the ash genus (Fraxinus

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2015-07-01 → 2017-06-30
Финансиране от ЕС: 195 455 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Геномът на европейския ясене и неговата еволюция, включително открити прилики с генетичната структура на маслината, са в центъра на анализа. Тези данни помагат за създаването на по-устойчиви дървета срещу гъбични заболявания и вредители.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Reconstructing gene family evolution in the ash genus (Fraxinus

This project undertook research on the structure and evolution of the genome of the European ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior. Ash tree populations in Europe are highly threatened by the invasive fungal pathogen Hymenoschyphus fraxineus, which causes ash dieback. This project supplies essential foundational knowledge for modern approaches to the breeding of increased disease resistance in ash trees. A major finding of the project is there appears to have been a whole genome duplication event in the history of ash that is also shared with the olive tree. This finding was published in the journal Nature in a paper on the ash genome that was widely publicised by news media. Insights from the project have been communicated to the European research community working on ash dieback. As well as having important implications for ongoing research programmes on disease resistance in ash, this finding also unexpectedly impacts research on the biosynthesis of olive oil. This project also researched the genomes of 27 other species and sub-species of ash from around the world, and has also led to the release of genome assemblies for these, allowing future research on the genetic basis for resistance of some of these species to ash dieback and the emerald ash borer.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Comparisons among whole genome sequences allow us to survey differences in gene content among organisms, and hypothesise patterns of gene gain and loss through evolution. Rates of gene flux appear to be surprisingly high, and many genes are unexpectedly unique to species (“orphan” genes). In plants, increasing evidence suggests that genome evolution has been shaped by multiple rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) after which many duplicated genes are lost, but some duplicates are retained and diverge. The extent to which novel genes arise due to WGD, tandem duplications, horizontal gene transfers, or de novo, remains an open question, especially in plants where WGD seems to be such a pervasive feature of evolution. Our knowledge is hampered by the fact that until now we have been limited to comparisons of whole genome sequences in plants that are highly diverged from one another. This means that the early consequences of gene duplication, and the early divergence of duplicated genes, have not been studied on a genomic scale. This project will use a new dataset, generated by the host lab, containing the whole genome sequence of every species within a plant genus (the genus Fraxinus – ash trees). As well as having inferred WGDs in its ancestry, this genus contains species that have undergone recent WGD. We propose to conduct a comprehensive analysis of gene and gene family evolution in this genus, compiling a major public database of Fraxinus gene families (FraxiFam). Using this data we will conduct the first genome-wide and genus-wide study of gene content evolution, allowing us to study the early stages of gene sequence and gene content divergence. We will test hypotheses about: (1) the primary drivers of gene content evolution, (2) the repeatability of patterns in gene loss and retention after WGD, and (3) the early evolution of orphan genes. This research will contribute to attempts to develop ash trees resistant to ash dieback, for EU ecological restoration.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON · LONDONКоординаторОбединеното кралство