H2020Индивидуална стипендия2016–2018

FLORALWOOD · Selecting non-crop flowering plants for enhancing natural enemies of crop pests in agro ecosystems under climate change perspective

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2016-01-15 → 2018-01-14
Финансиране от ЕС: 173 076 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-CAR

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Цвети растения, които не са култури, помагат на паразитни оси да се хранят и да се предпазват от горещини, за да се борят с листните въшки. Това намалява зависимостта от химикали и подобрява биологичния контрол върху вредителите в земеделието.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Selecting non-crop flowering plants for enhancing natural enemies of crop pests in agro ecosystems under climate change perspective

Pest control by chemical means is neither economically nor ecologically sustainable. Conservation of natural enemies in agricultural landscapes and use of natural enemies in glasshouses is considered the most ecologically sustainable method for biological control of agricultural pests. An ecological relevant hypothesis is that higher plant diversity, through addition of plant species able to supply accessible food and/or shelters at different seasons of the year, can increase natural enemies' efficiency. Food (nectar of flowers) could be a limiting factor for natural enemies, especially parasitic wasps, in the field and inside greenhouses, especially when the climatic conditions are harsh, as for example in glasshouses during heat waves. FLORALWOOD was performed on communities of aphids and their main natural enemies, the parasitic wasps of the genus Aphidius. Aphids are key pests of cereals, vegetables and fruit crops and it has been shown that habitat management may increase food resources for natural enemies of some aphid species. Aphids are responsible for reducing crop yields via direct mechanical damage to crops or viral transmission of plant diseases and represent a major problem in glasshouses. Parasitic wasps are considered the most efficient natural enemies controlling aphid pests. They are excellent models to study the effects of selective floral resources since for many parasitic wasp species the adult diet is restricted to nectar. It is also believed that parasitic wasps will be more thermal resistant if their adults have access to non-crop flowers as food sources.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Throughout Europe, the expansion of modern, chemical-intensive agriculture is regarded as the principal cause of widespread declines in abundance and diversity beneficial arthropods. Conservation of natural enemies in agricultural landscapes is considered the most ecologically sustainable method for biological control of agricultural pests. An ecological relevant hypothesis is that higher plant diversity, through addition of plant species able to supply accessible food and/or shelters at different seasons of the year, can increase natural enemies' fitness. Based on existing insights in insect–plant interactions, specific floral seed mixtures (to be placed in field margins or as ground cover vegetation) can be developed which target specific visiting biocontrol agents. However, the particular mechanisms involved and potential for practical use in farm management remain unclear. In this project I propose to consider the insect community level, including pests and their parasitoids to evaluate the service of pest regulation provided by plant functional and evolutionary diversity at a time when climate change is expected to trigger more frequent or severe insect outbreaks. This will be done by comparing a group of native flowering plants that are already sold by private companies for bees pollination (or other interests) in terms of their capacity to serve as source of sugar (pollen) for aphid parasitoids while resulting unattractive for their aphid hosts. The best resulting plants will be isolately tested under greenhouse to evaluate their efficiency by measuring the resulting parasitism rate by aphid parasitoids under optimal and extremely hot conditions (summer in Valencia, Spain, where this experiment will be performed during the secondment). Training for me will include experimental design, insect physiology, HPLC analysis, wind tunnel management, insect thermal resistance, plant flower and pollen characterization, plant-insect interactions, statistics and others.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

UNIVERSITE DE RENNES I · RENNES CEDEXКоординаторФранция