H2020Индивидуална стипендия2016–2018

MAFRI · Molecular Ancient Fish Remains Identification

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2016-06-09 → 2018-06-08
Финансиране от ЕС: 195 455 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Древни останки от риби се анализират чрез ZooMS, за да се определят видовете им, например при карпите. Това помага да се разбере как човешкият риболов и околната среда са променили популациите на рибите в миналото.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Molecular Ancient Fish Remains Identification

Anthropogenic effects on oceans including pollution, climate change, habitat destruction, and overfishing are threatening the viability of fish stocks and the health of the ocean. In 2010, the FAO reported 30% of fish stocks were overexploited, depleted, or recovering from depletion, but it is likely much higher. Creating evidence-based fisheries management policies, critical to long-term ocean health, requires data on the natural variation and responses to environmental and anthropogenic pressures in healthy fish populations. However, as most, if not all, of the living fish populations, are unhealthy this is difficult. Archaeology offers an alternative line of evidence to help overcome this issue by providing detailed, long-range histories of local inshore fisheries and their exploitation by humans. The sheer diversity of species (~30,000) means that conventional zooarchaeological approaches combined with limited reference collections struggle to identify the vast majority of remains below family level with zooachaeologists estimating that only 4-10% of fish bones are identified to species. Such low-resolution information prevents archaeology from usefully contributing to studies of past fishing, let alone contributing to current management issues. MAFRI explored the possibilities of employing of ZooMS, recently described as a ‘Game Changing Technique’ using archaeological material to directly address ecological questions. The hope is that ZooMS can greatly improve this resolution and help identify diversity within the earliest fish populations exploited by humans and thus how much this has been impacted by fishing pressures. This can include tracking invasive species in the past, such as carp and exploring past population distributions to predict how fish populations might be affected by warmer waters caused by climate change.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

One main issue facing fisheries management is uncertainty regarding how fish populations will respond to changes in fishers’ behaviour or the environment. With fish resources under increasing pressure, accurate, cumulative histories of anthropogenic and environmental change are a key tool in developing effective management policies. Archaeology can help overcome this issue by providing detailed, long-range histories of local inshore fisheries and their exploitation by humans, but only if techniques for the identification and analysis of fishbone are refined. Fishbones are underrepresented in the archaeological literature because they are less stable than other taxa. Identification to species is often difficult or impossible. During my MSc I developed an identification system for fishbone: ZooMS (Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry), based upon protein barcoding. As proteins can be cleaved enzymatically and analyzed by mass spectrometry in a repeatable way, protein barcoding is used widely for quick and inexpensive protein identification. Mass spectra reflect the differences in protein sequence and can therefore be reproducibly linked to a particular protein or fragment. Since I left the lab, this method for fish identification has stalled, despite earnest requests from the community for a robust method. ZooMS uses peptide fingerprinting of collagen as a method for rapid identification of archaeological bone. Identifying masses to peptides of known sequence is required. For mammals, sufficient sequence information is available, but, for freshwater fish, species are highly diverse and few sequences are available. This project will develop biomolecular techniques to overcome these hurdles, creating a database of fish collagen sequences and testing the method at several archaeological sites. With these new techniques archaeologists can provide more accurate histories of fisheries. The results will enhance our knowledge of part of our diet inform fisheries management.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

UNIVERSITY OF YORK · YORK NORTH YORKSHIREКоординаторОбединеното кралство