H2020Индивидуална стипендия2016–2019

UrbPOLS · Assessing urban impacts on wildlife using the pace-of-life framework

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2016-07-01 → 2019-06-30
Финансиране от ЕС: 246 422 €
Участници: 2
Схема: MSCA-IF-GF

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Градските птици се сравняват със селските, за да се разбере дали по-ниското размножаване в града се компенсира от по-дълъг живот. Анализът помага да се разбере как градската среда влияе върху дивите птици и еволюцията им.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Assessing urban impacts on wildlife using the pace-of-life framework

Problem description: It is commonly observed that birds inhabiting cities live longer, but have lower annual reproduction, than their rural counterparts. Reduced reproductive output has been explained by unsuitable urban living conditions, but this does not explain why city birds have greater survival. Could it be adaptive for birds to have lower reproductive success in the cities because they have more years to breed? Are there other adaptive life-history differences between urban and rural populations? If so, could this also explain urban-rural differences in parasite resistance (invest more into immune response if you expect to live longer?), coloration (invest less in sexual signals if you can count on more than one breeding season), and oxidative stress resistance (as a mechanism of aging)? Such differences in life-history traits may be understood in the context of a pace-of-life syndrome (POLS). In other words, urban and rural birds may have equal lifetime fitness, but rural birds breed fast and die early whereas urban birds (due to shifts in resources and other selection pressures) breed slow and die late. Importance: The project will help to understand the effect of urbanization on wild bird communities and better our understanding of urbanization as an evolutionary process. Objectives: 1. Publish a meta-analysis on studies on urbanization of birds, focusing on the traits related to pace-of-life 2. Conduct a field project in Phoenix metropolitan area to analyse the effect of urbnization on the survival, reproductive success, and physiology of house finches.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Under pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypothesis, physiological, behavioural, and life history traits covary along the slow–fast pace-of-life axis. The POLS concept has been recently applied within species and populations, to studying individual-level variation in physiological, behavioural and life-history strategies. One critical environmental feature that has curiously been completely overlooked in POLS framework is the urbanization gradient (UG). Studies of urban animal ecology have so far concentrated on a few traits at a time, and a systematic approach to urban life-history and physiological adaptations is missing. This project proposes to study individual variation in life-history, physiological and behavioural traits along the UG in two model species of urbanization research, the house finch and the great tit, and to perform an experiment to understand the influence of environment v. genetic background on the development of pace-of-life differences between rural and urban birds. There are a number of avian studies that have assessed differences in traits associated with pace-of-life, such as reproduction, survival, behaviour and personalities, immune responses, and oxidative status along the UG, but so far no studies even consider the possibility of different adaptive pace-of-life strategies between urban and rural populations. Also, relatively little is known about shifts in genetic traits, and there are no studies designed particularly for testing pace-of-life differences between populations of urban and rural birds. The proposed project will use a multidisciplinary approach that involves field study methods for analysing survival, reproduction and behaviour and lab methods for quantifying OS, immune status, and gene expression (transcriptome microarray analysis).

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

TARTU ULIKOOL · TartuКоординаторЕстония
ARIZONA BOARD OF REGENTS · TempeСъединени щати