H2020Индивидуална стипендия2017–2019

EXPECTBRAIN · How the human brain combines the certainty of prior expectations and the clarity of sensory input during speech perception

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2017-01-01 → 2019-11-17
Финансиране от ЕС: 171 461 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Мозъкът обединява предварителните ни очаквания с чутите звуци, за да разберем речта, особено при шум. Разбирането на този механизъм може да помогне при клинични проблеми и при хора със слухови увреждания, които често се изолират социално.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

How the human brain combines the certainty of prior expectations and the clarity of sensory input during speech perception

• What is the problem/issue being addressed? Our ability to successfully communicate with other people is an essential skill in everyday life. Speech recognition depends on both the clarity of the acoustic input and on what we expect to. For example, in noisy listening conditions, listeners of the identical speech input can differ in their perception of what was said. Similarly, for face recognition, brain responses to faces depend on expectations and do not simply reflect the presented facial features. However, it is still unclear how the human brain weights and combines prior expectations with sensory information. • Why is it important for society? Prior expectations can improve speech perception, but also lead to misperception. Misperceiving spoken words is an everyday experience, with outcomes that range from shared amusement to serious miscommunication. For hearing-impaired individuals, frequent misperception can lead to social withdrawal and isolation, with severe consequences for wellbeing. Understanding the neural mechanism by which the human brain combines prior expectations with sensory information might have important clinical implications. • What are the overall objectives? The aim of the current project was to understand how the human brain weights and combines prior expectations with sensory input.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

A fundamental question in the study of human perception concerns how we combine new sensory information with prior knowledge. Different underlying neural mechanisms have been proposed for how perceptual priors are combined with sensory input depending on their respective certainty to generate a subjective experience. Predictive Coding models suggest that neuronal populations compare (bottom-up) input from the sensory organs against (top-down) predictions so that only the unexpected part of the input is processed. Alternative models (e.g., Sharpening) propose that perceptual representations of the expected sensory input are enhanced while unexpected sensory input is suppressed. The objective of this proposal is to close this controversial research gap by testing 1) how top-down and bottom-up influences on perception depend on their respective certainty, i.e., the confidence in prior predictions and the clarity of sensory evidence, and 2) whether and how this mechanism is related to inter-individual differences during perception. To achieve this I will test multiple neuroimaging techniques (fMRI and EEG) against computational simulations of the two models. I will use state-of-the-art brain-activity pattern analysis to decode brain responses to individual words during perception of degraded speech. The innovative approach of combined pattern-information analysis techniques will allow unprecedented access to decode how prior information changes the representation of sensory information. The results of this project will have important implications for several clinical areas, e.g., the treatment of hearing impairments and neuropsychiatric conditions that are accompanied by aberrant perceptual experiences such as autism or schizophrenia. By strengthening my portfolio of research skills, the proposed project represents the perfect lead-in phase to put me in the position to start my independent research group at the host organisation and ultimately obtain a permanent post.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

UNIVERSITAETSKLINIKUM HAMBURG-EPPENDORF · HamburgКоординаторГермания