XYL-EID · Determinants of Xylella fastidiosa host specificity
„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“
- Период
- 2016-10-01 → 2019-09-30
- Финансиране от ЕС
- 246 668 €
- Участници
- 2
- Схема
- MSCA-IF-GF
Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.
Накратко на български
Бактерията Xylella fastidiosa и причините, поради които различни нейни щамове заразяват различни растения, като например маслини или цитруси. Разбирането на тази специфичност е важно, защото бактерията застрашава селското стопанство в Европа и предизвиква сериозни икономически кризи.
Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.
Резултати накратко
Determinants of Xylella fastidiosa host specificity
The plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa poses a serious threat to agriculture in Europe and especially to the Mediterranean basin. It displays both a broad host range of 563 host plant species and a wide vector range of over a hundred of vector insect species (1,2). While it has been known to be present in the Americas for decades causing severe damage in several crops of economic importance such as grapes, citrus and coffee, its first confirmed detection in Europe is relatively recent. It was first described in Southern Italy (Apulia) in 2013, where it is devastating olive trees and triggering an economic, social and political crisis. Reports of the presence of different strains in France, Germany, Spain, Portugal and Northern Italy were soon to follow (3). Although X. fastidiosa infected plant species have been eradicated in Germany, this is far to be the case in some regions of Italy, France and Spain which have been officially declared areas under containment (Corsica, France; Balearic Islands, Spain; Southern Apulia, Italy) (4). The presence of several strains and even subspecies in both France and Spain points towards several introductions in these two countries. The analysis of a limited number of X. fastidiosa genes (MLST data) suggest that the outbreak in Apulia, Italy is the result of the introduction and subsequent establishment of a single strain belonging to ST53 (X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca) – which differs from the strain(s) present in Central Italy (5). These different strains are able to infect different host plant species (i.e. have different host ranges) that remain impossible to predict. Despite its importance as a plant pathogen, there are no hypotheses on the determinants of X. fastidiosa host specificity. Because of its recent introduction in Europe, where host plants as well as the environment represent novel opportunities for expansion, it is of paramount importance to learn how X. fastidiosa adapts. This information could then be used in an attempt to limit its impact where it is already present, as well as its potential threat to risk areas where it could be disseminated. This project aims to address this very important knowledge gap, notably by studying the recent adaptation of this bacterium to olive trees in Southern Italy.
Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз
Цел на проекта
The pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa threatens European agricultural and natural flora through the loss of economically, environmentally and culturally important host plants such as grape, olive and oak. This bacterium was first detected in Italy in 2013 and then in Corsica,France. Although X. fastidiosa is a generalist pathogen, infecting over 300 plant species, only a few plant species develop disease symptoms, and these infections always depend on a specific pathogen genotype. Although X. fastidiosa has been studied for over 80 years in the U.S.A., the determinants of X. fastidiosa host specificity remain unknown. In other words, it is not know why genotypes cause disease in one plant species but not another. Understanding what constrains X. fastidiosa host specificity is of paramount importance because it is currently not possible to predict what plant species are susceptible in Europe; this represents a major knowledge gap and limiting an adequate analysis of the risks posed by X. fastidiosa. This project aims to answer this important question by studying populations of the bacterium that are already host specific as well as one epidemic population exploiting a novel plant species in the EU. This will be done through collaboration between U.C. Berkeley -a leading expert on this pathogen- and BGPI, a French institute with excellent expertise in population genomics and interdisciplinary research. Besides reinforcing the link between the U.S.A. and European research on a subject of major importance, this project will result in the training of a European expert on this emerging pathogen. It will also broaden the Experienced Researcher's knowledge in plant-pathogen interactions. Finally, this project intends to disseminate knowledge on X. fastidiosa to the European society through (i) a collaboration with the French non-academic institute ANSES, (ii) a website dedicated to this pathogen and (iii) a collaboration with European farmers and agronomical schools.
Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).
Участници
- INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE POUR L'AGRICULTURE, L'ALIMENTATION ET L'ENVIRONNEMENT · ParisКоординаторФранция
- THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA · OaklandСъединени щати
Връзки
Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз