H2020Индивидуална стипендия2018–2020

CVVOC · The ecological consequences of chemotypic variation of damage-induced volatile organic compounds in sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2018-06-01 → 2020-05-31
Финансиране от ЕС: 179 326 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Лятната салвия излъчва летливи органични съединения, чрез които „предупрежда“ съседните растения за атака от вредители. Разбирането на тези химически сигнали помага да се разбере как се поддържа разнообразието в растителните общности и как работи защитната им система.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

The ecological consequences of chemotypic variation of damage-induced volatile organic compounds in sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)

Unlike animals that can run away from predators, plants are immobile and must stand their ground when attacked by herbivores. Consequently, plants have evolved an impressive defense system. These defenses include physical structures like spines and thorns as well as biomolecules that have toxic, repellent, or antinutritional effects on consumers. While many plant defenses are constitutively expressed, some are induced in response to herbivore damage. Damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the environment that may induce defenses in adjacent, undamaged tissue or may be eavesdropped by neighboring plants, enabling them to prime their own resistance response prior to attack. This exchange of information is commonly referred to as plant-to-plant communication and has been documented in more than 50 species. Previous work by my host and collaborators found consistent emission patterns of VOCs in sagebrush (A. tridentata), such that plants could be assigned to two heritable ‘chemotypes’. Chemotypes are a distinct and consistent motif of VOCs, dominated by a few compounds that enable the overall floral bouquet to be distinguishable from others. Communication between plants of the same chemotype resulted in less damage by herbivores compared to that between plants of different chemotypes. The motivation for our CVVOC proposal was based on the discovery of several additional chemotypes providing an opportunity to rigorously test and explore the community-wide effects and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of chemotypic diversity. To achieve this primary objective, a secondary objective was to develop fast and reliable markers of volatile-mediated communication and subsequent induced resistance in sagebrush. In addition to understanding the ecological importance of chemotype-dependent communication and the evolutionary processes that have selected for and maintain it, this work has direct applications in sustainable agriculture. The identification of plant traits that increase resistance to pests is important for ensuring food security and may decrease our dependence on pesticides. Through combing ecological theory with experiments both in the field and laboratory settings, CVVOC has developed new tools to more rapidly assess plant communication in sagebrush, expanded on the previous model predicting the efficacy of communication between two chemotypes and provided additional support for an evolutionary model explaining the mechanisms underpinning chemotypic diversity.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Plants have evolved an impressive defense system to combat herbivores. These defenses include morphological structures like spines and secondary metabolites that have toxic, repellent, or antinutritional effects on consumers. Many plant defenses are constitutively expressed, but some are induced in response to herbivore damage. Damaged plants emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the environment that may induce defenses in adjacent, undamaged tissue or may be eavesdropped by neighboring plants, enabling them to prime their own resistance response prior to attack. While once controversial, this plant-plant communication resulting in a VOC-induced phenotypic response that reduces damage from attacking herbivores has been demonstrated in over 50 species. Recently, researchers have found distinguishing VOC blends among sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) referred to as chemotypes. Field experiments demonstrated that communication between A. tridentata plants of the same chemotype resulted in less damage by herbivores compared to that between plants of different chemotypes. Chemotypes were also found to be highly heritable. This is consistent with the hypothesis that volatile communication evolved as a within-plant warning mechanism due to limited vascular signaling. Because emitted volatile cues become available to potential competitors of the same or different species, selection for cues that are more private would likely be of greater benefit to the emitter. At the time of this study, only 2 A. tridentata chemotypes had been identified. More recent work has found an additional 6 chemotypes. Here we propose to rigorously test the ecological consequences of chemotypic variation and the processes that maintain it. Through synergistic efforts combining my expertise in field ecology and plant-insect interactions and that of the host and collaborators in ecological chemistry and molecular biology, we will forward the field of volatile-mediated plant-plant interactions.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

ITA-SUOMEN YLIOPISTO · KUOPIOКоординаторФинландия