SiPoMorph · Genetic control and molecular mechanisms of cell wall modifications during sieve pore morphogenesis in the phloem of the plant vascular system
„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“
- Период
- 2019-07-01 → 2021-06-30
- Финансиране от ЕС
- 183 455 €
- Участници
- 1
- Схема
- MSCA-IF-EF-ST
Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.
Накратко на български
Механизмите за формиране на ситовидните пори в растенията се изследват чрез анализ на протеини и липиди, които променят клетъчната стена. Разбирането на тези процеси помага да се разбере как културите разпределят захарите до корените, плодовете и пъпките.
Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.
Резултати накратко
Genetic control and molecular mechanisms of cell wall modifications during sieve pore morphogenesis in the phloem of the plant vascular system
The phloem transports sugars from leaves to sink tissues (roots, buds, fruits). The conductive cells are sieve elements (SE) and connect to each other through the terminal cell wall (CW), the sieve plate. These plates contain sieve pores, which are large connections between adjacent SEs, forming a continuum for long-distance transport. Sieve pores derive from plasmodesmata (PD), which connect most cells in plants, yet are much larger, requiring remodeling of the CW. Sieve pores are the major hydraulic bottleneck in phloem transport. Their size is modulated through callose deposition in response to environmental cues. Despite their importance for sugar transport and plant productivity, we still know little about mechanisms underlying their formation. This MSC Action addressed 3 objectives: 1) Through which intracellular process is callose deposited at sieve pores? 2) How does the lipid class of sphingolipids influence cell-to-cell transport? 3) What are novel, unknown factors in sieve pore formation? Key findings of this project are: - Sub-cellular dynamics and localization of the SE-specific callose synthase CALS7. - In collaboration with host lab members, description of a new mutant in sphingolipid metabolism, increasing PD permeability. - Identifying a pectate lyase mutant, which sheds light on a previously unexpected CW remodeling process in sieve pore formation. This project’s objectives and results are of fundamental interest to plant cell biology and physiology. They add to our understanding of phloem function but also plant CW remodeling during cellular differentiation. In a broader context, understanding formation and adaptability of sieve pores has implications to how efficiently crops allocate sugars to sink tissues. This is important considering increasing demands to crop breeding and cultivation in a warming environment, in which agricultural output needs to increase.
Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз
Цел на проекта
The plant vasculature comprises the xylem and phloem. The phloem’s conductive cells, the sieve elements, transport sugars produced in leaves to sink organs, such as roots, tubers, fruits and seeds. They also transport hormones and RNAs throughout the plant, enabling its adaptive and continuous development. Individual sieve elements connect through callose-rich sieve plates to form sieve tubes, the larger supra-cellular conducting units. Perforation of the sieve plate with sieve pores is critical to efficient sap flow and can be modulated by callose-mediated occlusion. Indeed, sieve pores are rapidly closed in response to tissues damage, abiotic stresses and infections. Cellular differentiation and adaptation of sieve elements, particularly sieve pore morphogenesis, are surprisingly poorly understood and, lacking powerful cell-biological tools, has largely been neglected. This project sets out to describe a molecular and genetic framework for sieve plate formation. To this end, mutants and transgenic lines already generated in the host lab will be characterized. Additionally, candidate genes, encoding mostly for unknown proteins will be localized in sieve elements. These genes will be functionally characterized using several state-of-the-art methods and specifically-tailored molecular tools, such as inducible CRISPR knock-out, laser ablation and dominant cell-specific genetic interference. This will identify novel molecular players during callose deposition and degradation at sieve pores and advance our mechanistic understanding of sieve plate formation and possible adaptive mechanisms of stress response. Morphological variances and developmental adaptations of sieve pores are important for phloem source-to-sink transport and nearly all calories consumed by humans and livestock have at some point passed through sieve pores. Hence, understanding their morphogenesis at the molecular level is equally relevant for fundamental plant science as for modern agriculture.
Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).
Участници
- THE CHANCELLOR MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE · CAMBRIDGEКоординаторОбединеното кралство
Връзки
Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз