H2020Индивидуална стипендия2018–2020

H2Gut · Interspecies hydrogen transfer in the mammalian gut: how interactions between fermenters and hydrogenotrophs influence colonic homeostasis

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2018-09-01 → 2020-08-31
Финансиране от ЕС: 178 157 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Микроорганизмите в червата ни произвеждат и консумират водород, например при разграждането на фибри от храната. Разбирането на този процес помага да се разбере как диетата и бактериите влияят върху здравето, метаболитните синдроми и развитието на инфекции.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Interspecies hydrogen transfer in the mammalian gut: how interactions between fermenters and hydrogenotrophs influence colonic homeostasis

Hydrogen gas is an important metabolite formed in our gut solely by microorganisms when indigestible components of our diet such as fibre (polysaccharides) are broken down and fermented. Hydrogen that is produced in the human gut builds up to relatively high levels after a meal (0.5-3% by volume) and must be disposed of very efficiently because the buildup of this gas strongly inhibits fermentation and overall function of the gut. Four different groups of anaerobic organisms exist in the gut that can consume this hydrogen and prevent its harmful accumulation: bacteria that produce sulfide (sulfidogens), archaea that produce methane (methanogens), bacteria that produce acetate when they breathe carbon dioxide (acetogens), and bacteria that breathe fumarate. Although we know that microbial hydrogen gas metabolism in the gut has a strong influence on our gut health, we do not know which organisms produce or consume this gas in our gut. We have only limited knowledge of which organisms have the potential to metabolize this important gas in the human gut and only rudimentary knowledge of which organisms actively metabolize hydrogen in the human gut. Understanding hydrogen gas formation and consumption in the human gut by our microflora is important because it allows us to understand how the presence of various microbes and how different diets may influence our health. For example, eating a high fibre diet may result in high hydrogen production in the human gut which could stimulate hydrogen-consuming bacteria to produce more acetate – a metabolite that plays an important role in prevention/treatment of metabolic syndromes, bowel cancer, and bowel disorders. On the other hand, some pathogens like Salmonella take advantage of hydrogen produced during fibre breakdown to infect and grow in the gut. Characterizing which microbes actively produce and consume hydrogen in the human gut will allow us to better understand how our microbiome, our diet, and incoming pathogens influence our health. The overall objectives of this project are to: 1) identify which microbes and pathways might contribute to hydrogen production and consumption in the gut, 2) assess which pathways and which microbes express their hydrogenases, 3) to determine which microbes are active hydrogen utilizers, and 4) to integrate the new results into a hypothesis about which organisms are the most important hydrogen metabolizers in the human gut.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

The human gut is a complex microbial bioreactor which protects the host from enteropathogens, facilitates the harvesting of nutrients and energy from undigested dietary components, stimulates healthy immune function, alters host insulin resistance, and exerts control over fat deposition and appetite. The principal duty of the bacteria in the mammalian gut is the fermentation of undigested dietary components, which results in the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and H2 gas. The H2 produced by fermentation has to be disposed of very efficiently, since the buildup of H2 strongly disrupts gut function. The harmful accumulation of H2 is prevented by three groups of H2-consuming microbes - sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), acetogens, and methanogens. Thus, H2 is a critical metabolite in the gut that controls colonic fermentation and the flow of energy and carbon to the host. Yet, we do not understand the identity of the major functional producers/consumers of H2, the ecological forces that drive one or more of the H2-consuming guilds to colonize the gut, or the microbe-microbe interactions between fermenters and H2-consumers that lead to efficient H2 dispersal. The objectives of the proposed research program are to 1) determine what pathways for H2 production and consumption are actively expressed in the gut using a mouse model, 2) elucidate the identity and spatial distribution of hydrogen producers/consumers in the mouse gut at the single cell level, and 3) ) elucidate the physiological mechanisms of H2 transfer in the gut using model communities. Overall, these research actions will produce the first characterization of the microbiota community members that actively influence the hydrogen economy in the gut in-situ and how these microbe-microbe interactions control colonic fermentation.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

UNIVERSITAT WIEN · WienКоординаторАвстрия