H2020Индивидуална стипендия2019–2022

MalusEdit · Malus genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 to develop sustainable pest free apples

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2019-10-16 → 2022-03-17
Финансиране от ЕС: 183 473 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Генното редактиране с CRISPR/Cas9 се използва за промяна на конкретни участъци от ДНК на ябълката, за да се постигне устойчивост към болести като бели брашняк и огнен рак. Това помага за намаляване на пестицидите и подобрява устойчивостта на земеделието.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Malus genome editing via CRISPR/Cas9 to develop sustainable pest free apples

Apple cultivation is often threatened by various diseases, such as powdery mildew and fire blight. A common practice to preserve plant health and thus apple yield and quality is to use pesticides with a negative impact on human health and the environment. Ancient apple varieties contain all the information on how to resist these pests, but these characteristics are often not found in the commercial varieties. What makes the difference is often only a single letter in the DNA sequence but introducing only this small modification by common breeding practices is impossible. In this EU-funded project, gene editing was used to introduce changes at four targeted gene positions in the plant DNA which are known to confer sensitivity to powdery mildew and fire blight. This was achieved by a DNA-based Agrobacterium-mediated integration of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing machinery in the plant genome. The editing machinery was then removed from the plant genome via a heat-induced recombination system to facilitate the acceptance of the resulting varieties by the customer within a less restrictive regulation of gene-edited and cisgenic varieties within the EU. The resulting plants showed enhanced resistance to powdery mildew and fire blight and can potentially replace sensitive and unsustainable varieties in a few years. Another important outcome of the MalusEdit project was the development of a procedure to regenerate a whole plant from a single cell. This will allow the use of gene editing applications that do not make any use of DNA intermediates. The regeneration procedure can now be used to speed up apple breeding projects and thus deliver in short time apples that are improved for multiple important agronomical traits towards real sustainable agriculture.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Apple is one of the most important crop. Pathogens causing powdery mildew, fire blight, and scab represent serious threats to apple cultivation. These pathogens are mainly controlled by pesticides with a negative impact on the environment and possibly on the health of the consumers on the long term. Resistant cultivars are the most effective and sustainable means to control these threats. Resistance to pathogens is usually conferred to apples by the introgression of R-genes from wild cultivars but such approach is not durable. Suppression of genes used by pathogens for infection (S-genes) can reduce pathogen attack. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing was used to mutate S-genes but these attempts were limited to single genes and were based on the stable integration of the editing machinery preventing these plants from being accepted by customers. The main objective of this project is to use CRISPR/Cas9 to create a multi-resistant apple variety by the simultaneous mutation of S-genes which are responsible for susceptibility to powdery mildew and fire blight. The main challenge will be to introduce such mutations using a “transgene-free” approach which is not based on protoplast transformation. The innovative approach consists on delivering the editing machinery via Agrobacterium tumefaciens or particle bombardment to apple cells and then eliminate editing components after mutation using an inducible site-specific recombination-based system. The final goal is to obtain a multi-resistant, sustainable and transgene-free apple. The second objective of the project is to develop a method for regeneration of apple plants from protoplast which safeguard genetic stability during regeneration to allow genome editing in apple protoplasts using pre-assembled Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

FONDAZIONE EDMUND MACH · San Michele All'AdigeКоординаторИталия