H2020Индивидуална стипендия2019–2021

HaLO · How Language Oppresses

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2019-04-01 → 2021-03-31
Финансиране от ЕС: 174 806 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Опотребителският език, като обидните наименования за мигранти, се анализира чрез теория на игрите, за да се разбере как той унижава хората и променя социалните норми. Това е важно, защото подобната реч води до икономически и социални вреди за много групи.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

How Language Oppresses

Oppressive speech is speech that harms and disempowers its targets. It includes hate speech (slurs “Yid”, “Spic”), derogatory attitudes (“migrant vermin”), and negative moral talk (“gypsies are feckless”). Such speech doesn’t just offend but seeks to harm the target during the conversation, so that they feel humiliated, attacked, denigrated, and silenced. This harm is not confined to conversation. Utterances shift social norms by changing people’s opinions about how targets ought to be treated. Oppressive speech uses this effect to establish and maintain oppressive norms. Recent rhetoric in politics is a vivid example of this. This is a significant cause of economic and social harm to many groups. Oppressive speech is thus one of the most urgent social and political issues of our time. The project uses a multidisciplinary approach that combines the complementary strengths of game theory, theories of social norms and social injustice, to explain: (i) the effects of oppressive speech within a conversational game; (ii) the way speech can shift norms that govern the social game; (iii) how the desire to maintain social injustice motivates oppressive speech. The proposed model of oppressive speech combines three interlinked work-packages: · (WP1) Oppressive conversational games. · (WP2) Oppressive speech shifting social norms. · (WP3) Structural oppression and social change GOALS Speech is a means by which groups of people are oppressed. We use game theory to explain both the motivations of speakers and the mechanism of oppression. A conversation is a game, nested within a larger social game. The project goals are: Model oppressive conversational games: we model oppressive speech as a conversational game, in which speakers make utterances that change the rules of the game. The changes arising from oppressive utterances shift power from target to speaker. Model conversational games and social structures: conversations do not exist within a void, but both draw upon and alter social structures. This goal is to show how. SOCIETAL RELEVANCE Language is the currency of democratic conversation. Social media has proven a two edged sword with respect to such free exchange. On the one hand, it has enabled debate between citizens on a scale previously unimaginable. On the other hand, this power has been easily subverted by anti-democratic forces, particularly those seeking to oppress groups based on their race, ethnicity, gender or sexuality. A key problem is online hate speech. To oppose bad actors we must model their behaviours so we can develop tools to resist them. IMPACT We will create policy actions and educational materials arising from our simulations. These will advise how to minimise hate speech. It will be available to lawmakers, educators and social media companies.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Oppressive speech is speech that harms and disempowers its targets. It also seeks to influence third parties, changing their behaviour and attitudes towards targets, legitimating discrimination, creating implicit bias, and inciting to hatred and violence. The purpose is ultimately to change society: it’s not just doing unjust things with words, but it’s creating and maintaining unjust structures of social power. Oppressive speech is thus one of the most urgent social and political issues of our time. There is currently no simple, unifying framework that models oppressive speech or explains its many effects. The proposed research project seeks to address this gap through a multidisciplinary approach that combines the complementary strengths of game theory, and theories of social norms and social injustice. The core idea is that conversational games are embedded within a larger social game such that oppressive conversational games focus on the acquisition of power in the larger social game to achieve later payoffs. I hypothesise that game theory can be used to explain fundamental phenomena of interest in the context of oppressive speech: (i) the effects of oppressive speech within a conversation; (ii) the shifting of conversational and social norms that govern the conversational and social games; (iii) the motivation of some people to oppress others through speech and the role that speech plays in maintaining social injustice. The research objectives are three interlinked parts of a new model of oppressive speech:RO1 Deliver an initial model of oppressive speech as a conversational game that alters power. RO2 Deliver an extension of the model from RO1 that explains the harmful social effects on targets, by explaining how oppressive speech sets up unjust social norms.RO3 Deliver a model extending RO1 and RO2 that explains how unjust social structures affect speech, what motivates agents in a group to oppressive acts, and what is needed to change harmful norms.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTLICHE ZENTREN BERLIN EV · BerlinКоординаторГермания