H2020Индивидуална стипендия2019–2021

OCHRE · Oat CHRomosome Evolution and drivers enabling widespread terminal intergenomic translocations in polyploid species

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2019-07-01 → 2021-10-28
Финансиране от ЕС: 212 934 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF-EF-ST

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Механизмите на хромозомните пренареждания при овеса се анализират чрез сравнение с други треви, като пшеницата и ебеца. Това помага да се разбере как еволюционират геномите на зърнените култури след удвояване на генетичния им материал.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Oat CHRomosome Evolution and drivers enabling widespread terminal intergenomic translocations in polyploid species

Polyploidy and whole genome duplication have been recognized as major evolutionary processes in plants. There is evidence for a strong association between duplication, genomic instability and large-scale chromosomal rearrangements. Genome or chromosome changes resulting from polyploidization include elimination of whole chromosomes or whole genomes, as well as intra- and inter-genomic chromosome translocations. Comparative genetic analysis of grasses, one of the most widely distributed plant families and including the three most important human foods, has demonstrated that different groups differ in the evolutionary presence of intergenomic chromosome translocations in polyploid species. The overall goal of the project OCHRE was to define the nature and mechanism of distal and intercalary (terminal or subterminal) intergenomic translocations in different species, hybrids and amphiploids of oats (genus Avena) where these are frequent, which allowed us to model their contribution to cereal genome evolution. For comparative analyses, we used different grass species which do not show multiple intergenomic translocations, such as those belonging to the Triticeae tribe (Aegilops, Secale, Triticum, Triticale) and tropical forage grasses (including Cenchrus and Urochloa/Brachiaria). We concluded that the presence of terminal, mostly non-reciprocal translocations in the Avena group makes oat chromosomes particularly rearranged. Our research suggests that intergenomic translocations were the main mechanisms of divergence in the evolution of oat species, and a new pattern of translocations was established in synthetic hybrids and amphiploids. Changes in copy number of repetitive DNA sequences are speculated to happen as a result of polyploidization events together with increase and decrease in DNA methylation of this major fraction of grass genomes. The knowledge generated from our research will assist in developing better crops for sustainable agriculture.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Comparative genetic analysis of grasses, one of the most widely distributed plant families and including the three most important human foods, has demonstrated that different groups differ in the evolutionary presence of intergenomic chromosome translocations in polyploid species, including the important crops. The overall goal of our research group is to define the nature and mechanism of terminal intergenomic translocations in oats (Avena) where these are frequent, allowing us to model their contribution to cereal genome evolution. We hypothesize that terminal translocations between oat genomes are related to transposable element activity, a decrease in DNA methylation, and histone modifications that are differential between the genomes. We propose a focused series of complementary molecular cytogenetic, bioinformatic, and epigenetic studies on oat and wheat genomes to characterize this physical genome rearrangement process. A comprehensive model illustrating the potential mechanisms involved in terminal intergenomic translocations will be elucidated by the simultaneous hybridization with the use of genome-specific probes and retrotransposon sequences, and immunostaining of histones and 5-methylcytosine in mitotic cells. The research will reveal why genomes of oats show frequent intergenomic translocations, playing a significant role in their evolution, in contrast to wheats where the translocations are rare. The fundamental research has implications for breeding oats to exploit biodiversity through introgression from wild species, and perhaps enabling additional introgressions in wheat breeding.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER · LeicesterКоординаторОбединеното кралство