H2020Индивидуална стипендия2021–2024

Warming calcifiers · Evolutionary processes in calcifying organisms under future warming and biogeochemical implications

„Хоризонт 2020“ — Действия „Мария Склодовска-Кюри“

Период: 2021-09-01 → 2024-04-02
Финансиране от ЕС: 212 934 €
Участници: 1
Схема: MSCA-IF

Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.

Накратко на български

Способността за адаптация към по-топлите води се проучва при морски организми, които изграждат варовикови черупки, като коколитофорите и големите бентосни фораминифери. Това помага да се разбере как бъдещото затопляне ще повлияе на въглеродния цикъл в океана и атмосферата.

Този кратък обзор е генериран от изкуствен интелект

Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.

Резултати накратко

Evolutionary processes in calcifying organisms under future warming and biogeochemical implications

Marine calcifiers play essential roles in marine ecosystems including contributing to the marine food web and the marine carbonate pump. A major group of calcifying organisms are coccolithophores that are considered to be the most prominent carbonate producer in the ocean and also contribute about 50% of global primary production. The combination of photosynthesis and calcification makes them highly influential on the ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchange. Moreover, they provide a mechanism for a major component of export of carbon via the sedimentation of their carbonate shells in the deep ocean. Coccolithophores contribute most of the carbonate in deep oligotrophic regions while in shallow-water environments other organisms, such as Large Benthic Foraminifera (LBF) are major carbonate producers. This group is usually characterised by algal symbiosis, making them contributors to primary production in the photic zone of tropical to subtropical areas. Temperature is a first order control on a large number of their physiological processes including calcification and photosynthesis. Thus, future warming and its influence on calcifying organisms may have a major impact on the modern carbon cycle. An important mechanism that allows organisms to cope with climate change is physiological plasticity within ontogenetic development and across generations. The primary objective of this study was to explore the adaptation potential to future warming in the two main groups of calcifying organisms and to better understand their biogeochemical implications. The overarching conclusion is that both groups have significant potential for adaptation, which could potentially mitigate the effects of future warming on them. However, this potential is highly dependent on the rate of warming. Further, while photosynthesis could be positively influenced by adaptation to elevated temperatures, the species-specific effects of thermal stress and adaptation on calcification could result in changes to CO2 sink or source behaviours. To accurately quantify these effects, it is necessary to integrate both geochemical and ecological modelling techniques in further research.

Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз

Цел на проекта

Future global warming will impact diverse marine ecosystems. Marine calcifiers play important roles as ecosystem engineers and in the carbon cycle. Two major groups of calcifying organisms are coccolithophores and Large Benthic Foraminifera (LBF). Coccolithophores are considered to be the most prominent carbonate producer in the ocean and also contribute about 50% of global primary production. LBF are major calcifiers in reef and other shallow marine environments. This group is usually characterised by algal symbiosis, making them contributors to primary production in tropical to subtropical areas. Understanding the response of these organisms is imperative as their ability to calcify and photosynthesis have major biogeochemical implications.An important mechanism that allows organisms to cope with rapid climate or local environmental changes is physiological plasticity both within ontogenetic development and across generations. Transgenerational plasticity is specifically relevant when trying to understand the possible impacts of climate change since these anthropogenic changes will persist across generations. Hence, one of the main challenges of studying future effects on organisms is evaluating their adaptation potential through short laboratory experiments. To overcome this challenge, we will conduct multigenerational laboratory experiments simulating adaptation under future warming scenarios and estimate predicted changes in calcification and photosynthesis. Then, we will investigate carbonate shells from warm intervals in the geological record as a field experiment of extreme warmth under natural conditions. This will validate or highlight the gaps between experimental results and adaptation under natural conditions. Our results will indicate how adaptation will mitigate the response of coccolithophores and LBF to ocean warming and provide a realistic prediction of the biological effect of the organic pump versus the carbonate counter pump on oceanic pCO2.

Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).

Участници

THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD · OxfordКоординаторОбединеното кралство