CHROMELIM · Chromosome elimination in plant wide hybrids – explaining the phenomenon and applying lessons from a model system in Hordeum to problems of speciation, gene introgression and breeding new crop plants
7РП — „Хора“ (Действия „Мария Кюри“)
- Период
- 2008-09-07 → 2009-09-06
- Финансиране от ЕС
- 114 552 €
- Участници
- 1
- Схема
- MC-IIF
Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.
Накратко на български
Хромозомната стабилност при хибриди от диви видове ечемик показва дали наследственият материал на родителите се запазва или изчезва. Разбирането на този процес помага при създаването на нови културни растения и обяснява как се формират различните видове.
Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.
Резултати накратко
Periodic Report Summary - CHROMELIM (Chromosome elimination in plant wide hybrids - ... from a model system in Hordeum to problems of speciation, gene introgression and breeding new crop plants.)
Interspecific hybrids between the related wild barley species hordeum marinum and h. bulbosum were generated and tested regarding their chromosomal stability and chromatin properties. Unlike h. vulgare and h. bulbosum hybrid embryos, there was no effect of temperature on uniparental chromosome elimination or retention during hybrid seed development and seven chromosomes from each parent were detected according to genomic in situ hybridisation analyses. The centromere-specific histone H3 gene (CENH3) of both parental genomes was active in hybrid plants. Indirect immunostaining of flow-sorted 2C nuclei indicated that no major reorganisation of histone H3 methylation, namely K4, K9 and K27, H3K9 acetylation and histone H2A ubiquitination marks or location of active ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase II sites occurred after interspecific hybridisation.
Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз
Цел на проекта
Complete uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in some plant interspecific and intergeneric hybrid combinations. This phenomenon precludes viable hybrids from developing and results in haploid embryo formation of only one of the parents. It is, therefore, a major barrier for introgressing desirable traits from wild species into crop plants and breeding new crop species. We will investigate selective elimination of parental chromosomes during the development of hybrid embryos by using crosses in the genus Hordeum as a model since the degree of chromosome retention is influenced by parental genotype and environmental conditions after fertilisation. Once the crosses are made our aims are first, to establish whether a genome dosage exists to promote or retard elimination; second, to characterise the tissue-specific nature of elimination; and third, to identify which barley chromosomes are involved in elimination. We will use combined immunostaining methods and cytogenetic analyses to determine the activity and location of the highly conserved histone H3-like centromeric protein A (CENH3), which acts as a regulator of the mitosis-dependent elimination process. The knowledge gained should result in immense benefits accruing to agriculture by allowing the prediction of suitable crosses for either haploid or hybrid plants, both of which can be used in practical plant breeding programmes. Furthemore, we will make a huge step forward in our understanding of the interaction of parental genomes in newly-formed hybrids to provide valuable new insights into species evolution.
Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).
Участници
- LEIBNIZ - INSTITUT FUER PFLANZENGENETIK UND KULTURPFLANZENFORSCHUNG · Seeland Ot GaterslebenКоординаторГермания
Връзки
Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз