DURES · Durable disease resistance in wheat: similar molecular defense mechanisms against adapted and non-adapted pathogens?
7РП — „Хора“ (Действия „Мария Кюри“)
- Период
- 2010-07-01 → 2013-06-30
- Финансиране от ЕС
- 256 807 €
- Участници
- 1
- Схема
- MC-IOF
Линиите свързват координатора с партньорите.
Накратко на български
Генът Lr34 при пшеницата предпазва растението от четири гъбични заболявания, като се изследва как точно работи той и дали може да се прехвърли при езица. Разбирането на този механизъм помага за създаването на устойчиви сортове култури и гарантиране на хранителната сигурност.
Кратко обяснение, генерирано от езиков модел по текста на CORDIS. Оригиналът е по-долу.
Резултати накратко
Durable disease resistance in wheat: similar molecular defense mechanisms against adapted and non-adapted pathogens?
Plants are constantly attacked by various pathogens. Particularly in agriculture, plant diseases pose a major threat to farmers because they cause yield losses in crops. To ensure food security in the future, it is essential to develop crop varieties that show high levels of disease resistance. The wheat gene Lr34 provides durable and broad-spectrum disease resistance against the four devastating fungal diseases leaf rust, stripe rust, stem rust and powdery mildew. Lr34 has been extensively used in wheat breeding and agriculture for more than a century and no increase in pathogen-virulence towards Lr34 has been observed. Because of its durability and broad-spectrum effectiveness, Lr34 has become one of the most important genes in wheat disease resistance breeding. Despite its importance, the molecular action of this resistance gene is not well understood. Lr34 encodes for an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter protein. These membrane-bound transporters shuttle various substrates across biological membranes. Thus, the resistance conferred by Lr34 must result from the reallocation of an unknown substrate between cells or different cell organs. During this project, we studied the evolution and transferability of the Lr34 resistance gene. One major findings is that the Lr34 resistance gene is unique to wheat and only evolved very recently. Closely related crop species such as barley, rice and sorghum do not have Lr34-resistance. By studying wild wheat relatives and old landraces we could show that the Lr34-resistance in wheat evolved less than 8,000 years ago probably in the fields of ancient farmers. We could also show that the Lr34 resistance can be successfully transferred into barley, a close relative of wheat. In barley, Lr34 conferred resistance against the barley-specific diseases barley leaf rust and barley powdery mildew – pathogens that do not attack wheat. The successful transfer of Lr34 between species was a surprising result and has two major implications: 1) The resistance mechanism by which Lr34 confers durable disease resistance is conserved between different species and 2) Lr34 might be used as an important tool to improve disease resistance of barley. In summary, we gained valuable information about the evolution and function of durable crop resistance. The transferability of Lr34 might serve as an important tool to ensure food security in the future. It has been estimated that food production needs to double until 2050 without the availability of additional arable land.
Текст от CORDIS, на английски · Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз
Цел на проекта
Fungal diseases constitute a major threat to wheat production worldwide. Growing durably resistant crop is the most profitable and environmentally friendliest strategy to control plant pests. The combination of three to five partial adult plant resistance genes with additive effects results in wheat varieties with adequate levels of durable resistance. The two loci Lr34 and Lr46 confer durable, partial, and race non-specific protection against the three devastating fungal diseases wheat leaf rust, stripe rust, and powdery mildew. We have recently shown that the Lr34 broad-spectrum resistance is controlled by a single gene encoding a PDR-like ABC transporter. We have evidence that the ‘homoeologous Lr34-copies’ on the A and B genomes of hexaploid wheat also play a role in basal defense against adapted and non-adapted pathogens. Hence we plan to shed light upon the molecular function of these ‘homoeologous Lr34-copies’ and to elucidate their role in basal and non-host resistance. Lr34 triple mutants, defective in all three ‘homoeologous Lr34-copies’, will be developed and analyzed for impairment in response to infections with adapted and non-adapted rust pathogens. Map-based isolation of Lr46 is well advanced. Sequencing of the target interval revealed the presence of thirteen candidate genes predicted to encode proteins with similarities to kinases, glycoside hydrolases, and hexose carriers. Despite similar resistance phenotypes, Lr34 and Lr46 seem to encode for different proteins, suggesting that a diverse set of proteins belonging to different families contribute to durable disease resistance in wheat. We will complete cloning of Lr46, characterize its molecular function, and find interaction partners of Lr34 and Lr46 to get an idea of the molecular pathways that contribute to durable disease resistance. The Lr34/Lr46 system provides an ideal model to study the molecular principles of durability and additive effects.
Оригинален текст от CORDIS (на английски).
Участници
- University of Zurich · ZURICHКоординаторШвейцария
Връзки
Данни: CORDIS, © Европейски съюз